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Washington: Smokers, drinkers, beware!As per a recent study, smoking and drinking influence the chance of dental filling failure.The research team also found that a genetic difference in some patients is associated with increased filling failure rates. The team found that within two years of the procedure, fillings failed more often in patients who drank alcohol, and the overall filling failure rate was higher in men who smoked.The repository also contained information about patient lifestyles, including smoking and drinking habits, and a DNA sample from each patient -- allowing the team to China Wholesale EPTFE waterproof and breathable membrane investigate whether patient lifestyle and genetic factors could affect the failure rate of composite fillings.However, the results suggest that personal factors for each patient appear to influence their chance of filling failure, rather than the filling material their dentist used..Furthermore, a difference in the gene for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2), an enzyme found in teeth, was linked to increased filling failure. While this link and preliminary hypothesis are intriguing, the researchers have not yet confirmed whether differences in the MMP2 gene are responsible for failed fillings, and will need to investigate this further. The researchers hypothesize that MMP2 might be able to degrade the bond between the filling and the tooth surface, potentially leading to failure.

To investigate this, researchers from America and Brazil accessed a large repository of dental records from a dental school in Pittsburgh, which contained information on patient fillings and rates of failure up to five years after the filling procedure. Until now, the jury has been out on whether newer composite resin fillings are as durable as traditional amalgam fillings, which have been in use for more than 150 years but which contain mercury, a toxic metal. The results suggest that genetic analysis might help dentists to personalize treatments for their patients, which could lead to improved outcomes. The study also shows no major difference in filling failure rates between traditional amalgam and newer composite resin fillings. This suggests that composite fillings are at least as durable as amalgam fillings, and offer a viable alternative with no toxic ingredients. "A better understanding of individual susceptibility to dental disease and variation in treatment outcomes will allow the dental field to move forward," says Alexandre Vieira, a researcher involved in the study.

"The findings have been published in journal Frontiers in Medicine.It asked the Ministries of Finance and Civil Aviation to "develop a strategic package to protect the rights and interests of officers and staff of Air India and its subsidiaries in respect of their pension, gratuity and VRS and also the wages of contractual workers engaged by government from time to time in case the disinvestment of Air India is inevitable.New Delhi: This is not an appropriate time to divest government stake in Air India, which should be given at least five years to revive and its debt written off, a parliamentary panel has said in its draft report. "At the end of TAP period, government may evaluate the financial and performance status of Air India and take a decision accordingly," the panel said."The Committee also expressed apprehension that Air Indias strategic disinvestment "would result in job loss of many people" and asked the government to "make an assessment" of the job loss before deciding on stake sale.The tenure of five years indicates the end of the TAP and FRP period in 2022.